VATS thymectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove the thymus gland, located in the anterior mediastinum behind the sternum. The surgery is performed using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery through small incisions in the chest. A camera and specialized instruments are inserted to visualize and remove the gland without the need for a full sternotomy, offering a less painful and safer alternative to traditional open surgery.
The primary indication is the treatment of myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder. Thymectomy is also performed for removal of thymic tumors, such as thymomas, whether benign or malignant. Other indications include thymic hyperplasia or unidentified masses in the anterior mediastinum. Imaging with CT or MRI is essential to assess the gland and plan the surgical approach accurately.
This approach significantly reduces postoperative pain, shortens recovery time, and lowers the risk of complications related to open chest surgery. The high-definition camera provides enhanced visualization of the mediastinal structures, ensuring a complete and safe resection. The small incisions are cosmetically favorable, and the procedure generally results in less blood loss and lower infection rates.
Following the procedure, patients are observed in the hospital for a few days, with a chest drain in place to remove any residual air or fluids. In patients with myasthenia gravis, medication adjustments may be required in coordination with a neurologist. Patients are encouraged to rest while gradually resuming normal activities, and follow-up includes imaging and clinical assessment to confirm recovery and rule out recurrence.
