COPD Balloon Treatment (Interventional Bronchoscopic Technique)

Concept and Mechanism of Action

Balloon scraping is a modern bronchoscopic intervention used for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly those with narrowing or obstruction in the small airways due to inflammation or mucus buildup. A catheter with a small inflatable balloon is inserted through the bronchoscope into the narrowed bronchial passages. The balloon is inflated to dilate the airway, and in some versions, it has a scraping surface that gently removes fibrotic or mucous deposits from the airway wall.

Indications for Use

This procedure is used in patients with COPD who do not respond adequately to standard medications such as bronchodilators or corticosteroids. It is especially helpful for those with severe shortness of breath or persistent airflow limitation due to structural airway changes. It serves as a non-surgical alternative for patients who are not candidates for valve implantation or surgery.

Clinical Benefits and Features

The balloon procedure is minimally invasive, performed under local or general anesthesia, and does not require surgical incisions. It reduces dyspnea, improves physical function, and decreases reliance on medication. It can be repeated if needed and combined with other bronchoscopic treatments. Studies have shown significant improvement in patient quality of life, especially in early-stage COPD.

Post-Procedure Care and Follow-Up

Following the procedure, patients are monitored briefly and usually discharged the same day or the next. Symptom monitoring and medication adjustment are important based on the patient’s response. Lung function tests and imaging are used for follow-up. Repeat treatment may be considered if symptoms recur. Pulmonary rehabilitation and avoidance of irritants like smoking are strongly recommended.