Bronchial stenting is an interventional bronchoscopic procedure used to keep narrowed or obstructed airways open. The stent, made of metal or silicone, is deployed inside the trachea or bronchial branches using a flexible or rigid bronchoscope. It acts as a scaffold to support the airway walls and restore airflow in cases of obstruction caused by tumors, fibrosis, chronic inflammation, or external compression.
Stenting is indicated in patients with central airway obstruction due to lung cancer, mediastinal masses, post-radiation fibrosis, or post-intubation stenosis. It is also used in benign conditions such as tracheobronchomalacia or tuberculosis-related strictures. In emergency settings, temporary stents can relieve acute airway collapse and improve ventilation.
Bronchial stents improve airflow, reduce dyspnea, and prevent life-threatening airway collapse. They may be permanent or removable depending on the case. The procedure is usually quick, performed under general anesthesia or sedation, and provides immediate symptom relief. In some cases, stents also aid in swallowing and phonation if central airways are involved.
Following stent placement, patients are monitored with imaging or follow-up bronchoscopy to ensure stent position and patency. Mucus buildup or granulation tissue may require periodic cleaning. In some cases, the stent is replaced or removed once it is no longer needed. Ongoing respiratory evaluation and supportive treatment based on the underlying condition are essential for optimal outcomes.
