Endobronchial Coils for Emphysema Treatment

Overview and Mechanism

Endobronchial coils are a bronchoscopic intervention used in the treatment of advanced emphysema, a form of COPD characterized by air trapping and loss of lung elasticity. During the procedure, small, shape-memory metal coils (usually made of nitinol) are delivered into the airways via a bronchoscope. Once deployed, the coils return to their coiled shape, compressing the diseased lung tissue and reducing hyperinflation. This allows healthier lung areas to expand more efficiently.

Indications and Suitable Cases

This technique is used in patients with severe emphysema who are not responsive to medical therapy and are not suitable candidates for lung volume reduction surgery. It is especially indicated in cases of heterogeneous emphysema with localized overinflation. Proper pre-procedural assessment including CT scans and pulmonary function tests is essential to identify candidates and plan treatment zones.

Clinical Benefits and Expected Outcomes

The use of coils improves breathing mechanics by decreasing lung hyperinflation and allowing better expansion of healthy tissue. This results in reduced shortness of breath, increased exercise tolerance, and improved quality of life. The procedure is minimally invasive, performed under general anesthesia, and typically completed in a single session. Clinical trials have shown significant improvements in lung function and symptom relief.

Postoperative Care and Follow-Up

After the procedure, patients are monitored briefly in the hospital, and lung function is reassessed through imaging and spirometry. Temporary side effects such as mild chest pain or cough may occur but usually resolve within days. Continued medical therapy and participation in pulmonary rehabilitation are recommended. Effectiveness is evaluated after a few weeks, and the treatment can be combined with other bronchoscopic techniques if necessary.